ELEKTRONNAYA OBRABOTKA MATERIALOV

The Sixtieth Anniversary of the Journal “Electronic Ptocessing of Materials” of the Institute of Applied Physics of Moldova State University

Bologa M.K. — 2025-02-24

UDC 621.1

DOI https://doi.org/10.52577/eom.2025.61.1.001

The article describes the 60-year path taken by the international journal “Electronic Processing of Materials” (http://eom.usm.md), covering scientific areas related to electrophysical and electrochemical methods of processing and synthesis of materials; the use of electric and magnetic fields and discharges to justify new and improve existing technologies; electrical processes in engineering and chemistry. It gives information about the reprint of the journal in English under the title “Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry” (http://link.springer.com), about its distribution by Springer, about inclusion in international bibliographic databases and indexing. Aspects of editorial and review activities, cooperation with authors from many countries are shown.

Keywords: creation, main scientific directions of the journal, electrophysical and electrochemical technologies, English version, anniversary editions, journal indexing, traditions.

Study of the Scattering Capacity of Sulfate Electrolyte for Electrolytic-Plasma Polishing

Silkin S.A — 2025-02-24

UDC 621.7.047.7

DOI https://doi.org/10.52577/eom.2025.61.1.024

A method for calculating the scattering capacity using a sectional anode for the electrolytic-plasma polishing variant, both with and without taking into account the edge effects, has been developed and tested. An increase in the scattering capacity of the electrolyte is shown to depend on both an increase in the hydrodynamic parameters of the sulfate electrolyte and a decrease in the processing voltage, in the electrolyte temperature, and in the concentration of ammonium sulfate in the electrolyte. The maximum scattering capacity (taking into account the edge effects) was found to be 95% at a processing voltage of 250 volts, an electrolyte temperature of 60 ºС, and an ammonium sulfate concentration of 3%.

Keywords: electrolytic-plasma polishing, scattering capacity, sectional anode, current distribution.

Features of Local Plasma Electrolytic Treatment of the Lateral Surface of a Rotating Cylinder

Kusmanov S.A. — 2025-02-24

UDC 544.558+66.088

DOI https://doi.org/10.52577/eom.2025.61.1.030

The article considers the features of the local plasma electrolytic treatment by the jet feed of an electrolyte onto the side surface of a rotating cylinder made of low-carbon steel. The influence of hydrodynamic parameters of the treatment and voltage on the electro- and thermos-physical characteristics of the process was studied. The optimum values of the electrolyte flow rate, the nozzle diameter and the distance between the sprayer and the treated surface were established which meet the developed conditions for the efficiency of the local plasma electrolytic treatment. Volt-ampere and volt-temperature characteristics of the process were obtained which have common patterns with the treatment by the immersion method when the operating voltage range is shifted towards higher values. A technique for determining the heat flux into a metal sample during the local treatment with an electrolyte jet was developed based on temperature measurements performed outside the heated area, using which the features of the heat exchange in the electrolyte – vapor-gas layer – rotating cylinder-electrode system were studied.

Keywords: plasma electrolytic treatment, local treatment, jet treatment, heating, low-carbon steel, model, heat flows.

Electrode Processes in a Deep Eutectic Solvent Containing Dissolved Chromium (III) Chloride and Evaluation of Electrocatalytic Activity of Deposited Coatings

Protsenko V.S. — 2025-02-24

UDC 544.65:621.357

DOI https://doi.org/10.52577/eom.2025.61.1.042

The specific features of electrodeposition of coatings from a room-temperature ionic liquid based on a eutectic mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol, in which a trivalent chromium salt is dissolved, were considered. The influence of the water content in the electrolyte on the kinetics of electrode processes and the electrodeposition of electrodeposits was shown. It has been established that the introduction of additional water leads to an increase in the current density of the irreversible discharge of Cr(III) ions on a glassy carbon electrode due to a significant decrease in the viscosity of the solution. Coatings deposited from an electrolyte based on a room-temperature ionic liquid demonstrate an increased electrocatalytic activity in the reaction of hydrogen evolution in an alkaline medium. A change in the water content in the chromium plating electrolyte is a factor that allows controlling the electrocatalytic activity of electrodeposits via a controlled change in their chemical composition and surface morphology features.

Keywords: electrodeposition, chromium, deep eutectic solvent, kinetics, current efficiency, electrocatalysis, hydrogen evolution reaction.

Equilibrium and Kinetics of Methylene Blue Sorption on Clay-Carbonate Diatomite

Zelentsov V.I. — 2025-02-24

UDC 541.185; 631.87

DOI https://doi.org/10.52577/eom.2025.61.1.056

Surface characteristics of the clay-carbonate diatomite and its adsorption properties with respect to methylene blue (MB) were investigated. The equilibrium isotherms were modeled by the Langmuir, Frendlich, and Dubinin–Radushkiewicz equations. The Langmuir model more adequately described the experimental data with a correlation coefficient of 0.9783 and a maximum adsorption capacity of 112.8 mg/g. The partition factor was 0.143, indicating the favorability of the sorption process. The treatment of the experimental kinetic data showed that the pseudo second order model better describes the kinetic curves of the MB sorption. Within the particle diffusion does not control the sorption rate of MB, the main contribution to the rate limitation was made by film diffusion. The activation sorption energy, calculated by the Dubinin-Radushkiewicz model was 17.4 kJ/mol, which testifies the predominance of physical sorption. The results show that this sorbent can be used for the purposes of water purification from organic pollutants.

Keywords: diatomite, adsorption, methylene blue, equilibrium, sorption models, kinetic curves, modeling.

Influence of an Electric Field on the Electron Motion in Multilayer Quantum Nanostructures

Nasirov M.Z. — 2025-02-24

UDC 530.145

DOI https://doi.org/10.52577/eom.2025.61.1.065

The article uses an analytical solution to the Schrödinger equation for an electron in each layer and the boundary conditions between layers to simulate the behavior of electrons in multilayer quantum nanostructures, and also creates a Visual Basic program for the process under consideration. The program has the ability to change the effective mass of an electron in each layer, the height and width of the potential barrier in it, to calculate the coefficients of transmission and the return of electrons through barriers and the probability of being in them, and also to send the calculation results to MS Excel. Using the program, the dependence of the transmission and reflection coefficients of electrons from barriers and the probability of staying in them on the thickness, the width of the barriers and the electric field was studied.

Keywords: electron, potential barrier, Schrödinger equation, transmission and reflection coefficients.

Influence of Pulse Pressure Source Parameters on Wave Fields in a Metal Melt

Kosenkov V.M. — 2025-02-24

UDC 537.528:621.3.017:534.21

DOI https://doi.org/10.52577/eom.2025.61.1.073

Based on mathematical modeling, the influence of the magnetic-pulse, the electric-discharge and the combined sources of the pulsed pressure on wave fields in aluminum melt was studied. An increase in the intensity of the wave fields in the melt with an increase in the amplitude, the pulsation period and the attenuation time of pressure pulsations created by pulsed sources was observed. The occurrence of cavitation in the melt under the action of the considered sources of pressure pulses was determined. A significant influence of the parameters of pulsed pressure sources on the change in the density of the internal energy of the melt was noted.

Keywords: electrical discharge, melt, acoustic wave processes, magnetic pulse loading, pulse pressure parameters.

Accuracy Assessment of Measurements in Experimental Studies of Hydrodynamic and Energy Characteristics of High-Voltage Electrochemical Explosion

Blashchenko A.D. — 2025-02-24

UDC 53.088.3

DOI https://doi.org/10.52577/eom.2025.61.1.087

This paper presents a methodological approach for conducting experimental studies and determining the optimal number of trials in research related to high-voltage electrochemical explosion (HVECE). A comprehensive statistical analysis of the experimental data was performed and a case study is provided to illustrate the calculation of confidence intervals and the accuracy of pressure amplitude measurements during electroexplosive events. The application of this approach enabled a significant reduction in the number of required experiments, while maintaining high levels of accuracy and reliability in the research outcomes.

Keywords: high-voltage electrochemical explosion, discharge-pulse technologies, experimental setup, pulsed current generator, energy conversion, hydrodynamic characteristics, energy characteristics, experiment accuracy, instrument error.

Oxidation-Reduction Potential in the Electrolysis of Whey

Vutkareva I.I. — 2025-02-24

UDC 637.344.2

DOI https://doi.org/10.52577/eom.2025.61.1.094

Fermentation of whey facilitates the increasing of its acidity and changes its redox potential. As a result of the research, it was possible to improve the quality of whey by its electrical processing, to increase its acidity, in particular, to change the pH of the medium from 4.5 to 2 under optimal process conditions.

Keywords: whey, electrolysis, electric field, acidity, technology.

Influence of the Step of Changing the Training Data and the Dimensions of the Input Vector on the Accuracy of Calculating the Load of an Unstable Two-Port Network by the Neural One

Penin A.A. — 2025-02-24

UDC 621.3.01:514.8:004.8

DOI https://doi.org/10.52577/eom.2025.61.1.100

The calculations of the load of an unstable two-port network were made. Traditional calculation methods involve laborious parameter redefinition and recalculation of the desired values. In contrast, a neural network includes possible changes in the two-port parameters in the training data. The feedforward neural network training data represents a set of load values and corresponding input current values. Such data are calculated using some change steps of the load and two-port parameters. The training data are split into training, validation, and test sets. It was established that in the training epochs, the neural network reveals that internal pattern in those three sets. Therefore, small errors are obtained. However, the errors appear for the extended control data in different step types. Combining training data with regular and irregular step change parameters eliminates this pattern, so the network shows the capability to generalize. A probability index of the quantification of training quality yields a trade-off between the size of the training data, the accuracy obtained, and the number of neurons. Because an unstable two-port has three parameters, unsatisfactory results were obtained using three base load values. In turn, four excessive base loads radically increase the precision and capability generalization of the network. The established features of the behavior of the neural network provide a base for solving practical "streaming" tasks of different physical nature based on known analogies.

Keywords: two-port network, load calculation, neural network, training data, relative error, electrical analogy.